In design projects, the concept of PCB footprints is particularly important as it defines the area occupied by components on the board. However the design is realized in a 2D space, the physical object exists in 3D. This means that in addition to the area where the component contacts the PCB, the height from the PCB surface to the top of the component must also be considered. To address this, 3D models are introduced into the design process. But what exactly is a PCB 3D model, and how is it created? Let’s explore this topic in detail.
What is a PCB 3D Model
A 3D model is a digital representation of a three-dimensional object created using computer software. Unlike traditional 2D images, 3D models have three dimensions: length, width, and height, allowing them to be viewed and manipulated from multiple angles in a virtual space. In PCB design, 3D models not only include the board but also specific information about electronic components and mechanical parts. This not only helps designers check the feasibility of the design in a virtual environment but can also be used to generate product previews or illustrations in product manuals, making it an indispensable part of PCB design.
Important Role of 3D Models in PCB
With the continuous advancement of modern electronic technology, devices require more precise PCB to achieve more advanced functions. This has led to an increase in the number of traces and components on PCB, making them denser. As shown in the figure below, the circuit schematic in a 2D perspective is very unclear, making it difficult to verify the accuracy of the design before production.
As shown in the figure below, in the 3D model of a PCB, the gaps and alignment of components, the rationality of silkscreens and reference marks, the actual appearance of the entire PCB, and its fit with the casing or other parts are all clearly displayed. This visual check allows designers to preview the actual effect of the circuit board before manufacturing, thereby improving the integrity of the design and avoiding costly manufacturing errors.
Of course, the benefits of creating a 3D model for a PCB go beyond this. In PCB design projects with commercial purposes, designers not only need to review their designs but also need to collaborate with other designers or mechanical engineers. A 3D model provides a bridge for effective communication and collaboration. Moreover, imagine if you were to present your design to a client—would a simple 2D drawing or an animated 3D model be more convincing and inspire confidence in your abilities? Clearly, the latter, right?
Steps to Create a 3D Model
Let’s take creating a surface-mounted resistor (0805 package) in Altium as an example. This might be the simplest 3D model, and the method for other components is similar, requiring only adjustments to the dimensions and color of the component.
Further Reading: How to Design PCB in Altium
First, open the PCB footprint library and draw a 2D surface-mounted resistor. After completing the drawing, press the “3” key on your keyboard, and you will see that only two pads are displayed in the 3D mode. Press the “2” key to switch back to 2D mode.
Next, open the specification sheet of the surface-mounted resistor and find the structural dimension diagram: length 2mm, width 1.25mm, height 0.55mm.
Then, find the “Place” menu in the software’s navigation bar and select “3D Body” from the drop-down menu.
In the pop-up dialog box, follow the steps indicated by the arrows to select the appropriate options. You can customize the color of the component, but it’s always recommended to choose a color similar to the actual component.
Finally, click “OK” and draw the 3D model according to the length and width of the surface-mounted resistor. After completion, the effect will be as shown in the figure below.
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